Tom Boland, education consultant and former chief executive of the Higher Education Authority, said populism was something Ireland must also engage with on a domestic level. Speaking to a room filled with researchers and academics, Mr Boland said: “You are well educated; some argue over-educated. Opinionated, maybe over-opinionated. And they feel that you are over-bearing. So you are a target. There’s also a risk now of arrogance of education, the arrogance of knowledge. Too often, people think that any other viewpoint is ignorant. Populism is when institutions lose the support of these people, who ultimately will have their voices heard.”